Category: Cognitive Navigation

The Brain as a Multi-layered Map Scales and Reference Points for Pattern Recognition in Neuroimaging

 

Margarita Zaleshina, Alexander Zaleshin

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia

(Zaleshina, terbiosorg)@gmail.com

 

The paper provides an overview of brain mapping in neuroscience and describe the application of spatial data processing techniques to represent the brain as …

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Bat brains: Studies of free-flying bats reveal nerve cells that enable complex navigation.

Bat brain signals illuminate navigation in the dark

brown bat

Read more in the Science News https://www.sciencenews.org/article/bat-brain-signals-illuminate-navigation-dark 

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为什么类脑(Rat-Brained)机器人能够在不熟悉的地形中进行很好地导航

为什么类脑(Rat-Brained)机器人能够在不熟悉的地形中进行很好地导航

Why Rat-Brained Robots Are So Good at Navigating Unfamiliar Terrain

运行模拟大鼠导航神经元的算法,能够使重型机器在澳大利亚的地下矿山中进行作业。

Jean Kumagai   1 June, 2017   翻译:Fangwen Yu     原文链接:IEEE Spectrum

 1

Photo: Dan Saelinger

 如果你把一只普通的棕色老鼠放在一个实验室的迷宫或地铁隧道里,它将立即开始探索周围的环境,嗅闻边缘,对着角落和障碍物,将其胡须刷在表面上。 过了一会儿,它会回到起步的地方,从此,它将把探索过的地形视为熟悉的环境。

机器人科学家长期以来一直梦想着给机器人创造类似的导航技能。 为了让机器人能够在我们的环境中变得更有用,机器人就必须具备在周围环境中靠自己寻路的能力。 有些机器人已经在家庭、办公室、仓库、医院、酒店以及自驾车,甚至整个城市范围内的环境中正在学习找路。尽管如此,这些机器人平台仍然难以在轻微挑战的条件下可靠地运行。 例如,自主驾驶车辆可能配备了复杂的传感器和前方道路的精细地图,但是司机仍然需要在大雨或下雪或夜间进行控制。

相比之下,棕色的老鼠是一个灵活的导航仪,在最恶劣的环境中也能找到路,比如在地下、地面等复杂情况下都没问题。 当一只老鼠探索一个不熟悉的区域时,在2克大脑中专门的神经元会放电或产生尖峰,对地标或边界产生响应。其他神经元以规则的距离形成尖峰, 每20厘米一次,每米一次等等,这样就形成一种空间的心理表征。还有其他的神经元就像一个内部的罗盘,记录着动物头部转动的方向。总而言之,这种神经活动允许大鼠记住它去过哪儿以及怎样到达那。 无论何时当沿着相同的道路行走,尖峰会加强,使大鼠的导航更加健壮。

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Why Rat-Brained Robots Are So Good at Navigating Unfamiliar Terrain

Running algorithms that mimic a rat’s navigation neurons, heavy machines will soon plumb Australia’s underground mines

The article is from IEEE Spectrum

Opening illustration

Photo: Dan Saelinger

If you take a common brown rat and drop it into a lab maze or …

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A Survey of Neuromorphic Computing and Neural Networks in Hardware

Catherine D. Schuman, Thomas E. Potok, Robert M. Patton, J. Douglas Birdwell, Mark E. Dean, Garrett S. Rose, James S. Plank

(Submitted on 19 May 2017)

Neuromorphic computing has come to refer to a variety of brain-inspired computers, devices, and models that contrast the pervasive von …

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The story of how the Mosers discovered Grid Cells

Discovering grid cells

From the Mosers' website 

This is the story of how the Mosers discovered Grid Cells, as told by themselves.

We both grew up on remote islands off the west coast of Norway, a couple of hundred miles

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Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Toward the Robust-Perception Age

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) consists in the concurrent construction of a model of the environment (the map), and the estimation of the state of the robot moving within it. The SLAM community has made astonishing progress over the last …

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